Living and working in Romania is an opportunity to explore a fast-growing economy and diverse job market. Romania is a veritable option around the center of Europe for foreigners who want a good place to work. A Romania work visa could be your gateway to a fulfilling career in the EU and beyond. The country is known for its beautiful landscapes, rich history, and welcoming culture. Romania also offers opportunities in IT, manufacturing, healthcare, and more.
A Romania work visa is officially called the National Long-Stay Visa for Employment or D/AM Visa. It is the primary legal document afforded to foreign citizens looking to live and earn money in the country. Unlike other countries, Romania does not have other provisions for immigrants. As a member of the European Union, Romania also provides foreign workers with unlimited access to modern infrastructure, favorable living conditions, and a dynamic business environment.
Navigating the Romanian work visa process may seem complex, but it is manageable with the right guidance. This article covers the various types of Romanian work visas, their eligibility criteria, and the step-by-step application process. Whether you aim to work in Bucharest's bustling tech scene or settle in the quieter countryside, understanding these requirements will help you start your journey confidently.
Benefits of Working in Romania
If you're considering a Romania visa for living and work, you can count yourself among many professionals worldwide. The Western European country offers tangible benefits that cater directly to foreign workers, making it an increasingly popular choice. Here are some of the benefits of living and working in Romania:
Standard Work Hours and Leave
Romania's labor laws provide a 40-hour work week, typically spread over five days. Employees enjoy 21 paid vacation days annually. This is consistent with many European marketplaces where quality of life is valued more than work. Romania also affords paid time off on additional public holidays throughout the year. Sick leave is also covered, provided the worker submits a valid medical certificate. Foreign workers here enjoy a healthy work/life balance that may not be found in other climes.
Access to EU Markets
Owning a Romanian work visa grants foreign workers great exposure to companies operating across the European Union. These multinational companies have branches all across the EU, especially in Romania. They cut across many sectors, such as finance, technology, exploration, etc. This experience can open doors to future job opportunities in other EU countries. Many EU countries, like Romania, also have great agreements and incentives for multinational companies that employ immigrants.
Affordable Cost of Living
Romania has a lower cost of living than other European nations. This makes it much easier to save money while maintaining a comfortable lifestyle. Romania is a very popular option for younger migrants who may not necessarily start off earning high incomes in a foreign country. The Romanian government has strict legislation to keep the cost of living accessible. Necessities like housing, food, and transportation are particularly budget-friendly.
Social Security and Health Insurance
Employees in Romania contribute to the country’s social security system, which includes health insurance. These contributions grant access to public healthcare and other social services, ensuring a safety net for all workers. Foreign workers are entitled to employer-sponsored health insurance, medical consultations, treatments, and hospital stays. Romania's healthcare system is modern and high-quality, ensuring peace of mind.
Friendly Tax Policies
Romania imposes a flat 10% personal income tax, one of the lowest rates in Europe. Workers also contribute to social security and health insurance, amounting to approximately 25% of gross salary. However, the overall tax burden remains manageable, especially considering Romania’s lower cost of living compared to Western Europe. These tax policies make the country palatable for immigrants and make Romanian work visas so competitive to acquire.
Types of Work Visa in Romania
If you've concluded that you need a visa to work in Romania, you should be aware that there are major permanent and non-permanent options. Knowing the correct type of visa is the basis of your visa application process. Irrespective of your country of origin, as long as you're a foreign national planning to work in Romania, you must get a work visa. The same can be said across most countries in the EU. However, there are also special and provisional options.
1. National Long-Stay Visa for Employment
The National Long-Stay or D/AM Visa is the most common type of Romanian work visa. It is exclusively designed for non-EU/EEA nationals seeking employment in Romania. To qualify, you must have a job offer from a Romanian employer who has obtained a General Work Permit on your behalf. The General Work Permit ensures that no Romanian or EU citizen is available to fill the role. This visa allows employment in various sectors, from construction to IT.
The application process requires submitting proof of qualifications, a valid employment contract, and medical insurance. The D/AM Visa is typically valid for up to 12 months and can be renewed. Upon arrival in Romania, holders must apply for a residence permit, which enables long-term work and stay. The process involves coordination between the employer, the General Inspectorate for Immigration, and Romanian embassies.
2. Seasonal Work Visa
This alternative Romania work visa is also known as the D/AS Visa. It is tailored for non-EU nationals seeking temporary, short-term employment in Romania. It is popular in sectors like agriculture, hospitality, and tourism. Employers must apply for a Seasonal Work Permit, valid for six months within a year. The D/AS Visa also mandates a signed employment contract detailing wages, job responsibilities, and conditions.
Applicants must provide proof of accommodation, financial means, and travel insurance. Seasonal workers are not permitted to switch employers or extend their stay beyond the six-month limit. Unlike the D/AM Visa, the D/AS Visa does not grant eligibility for a long-term residence permit. However, it serves as an excellent entry point for workers interested in gaining temporary Romanian work experience. Applicants can experience Romania while benefiting from the country’s vibrant seasonal opportunities.
3. Intra-Company Transfer Visa
The Intra-company Transfer or ICT Visa caters to professionals employed by multinational companies being transferred to Romania. These professionals usually pick up work as managers, specialists, or trainees. Eligible employees must have worked for the same company outside Romania for at least six months prior to transfer. The visa requires an Intra-Company Transfer Permit issued by the General Inspectorate for Immigration.
It is initially valid for one year for trainees and three years for managers and specialists. It is non-transferable and can only be extended under stringent circumstances. Applicants must submit proof of intra-company transfer, a valid employment contract, and a letter from the sending company detailing the assignment. Dependents of ICT Visa holders may also be eligible for family reunification visas. This visa facilitates seamless corporate operations across Romanian and global branches.
4. EU Blue Card
The EU Blue Card, or D/AE Visa as it is known in Romania, is designed for highly skilled non-EU professionals in fields like IT, engineering, and healthcare. Applicants must possess a university degree or equivalent professional qualifications and a job offer with a salary at least 1.5 times the average gross annual salary in Romania. It is also occasionally granted to foreign workers with extensive work experience in specialized fields. This ensures that only high-demand professions qualify.
The visa requires an EU Blue Card Work Permit from Romanian authorities. The EU Blue Card also grants additional mobility rights within the EU after 18 months of employment in Romania. Spouses and dependents of Blue Card holders can apply for family reunification visas. This visa is a top choice for professionals aiming for EU-wide career opportunities.
5. Secondment Work Visa
The Secondment work visa, also known as the D/DT Visa, is designed for employees seconded to Romania by foreign companies. It usually applies to non-EU nationals working temporarily on projects or assignments. This visa is only issued to workers of their parent company or partner organizations in Romania. A Secondment Work Permit is required, issued by the General Inspectorate for Immigration.
The visa is valid for the duration of the secondment, typically up to one year, with the possibility of renewal. Applicants must provide proof of secondment, including contracts between the foreign and Romanian companies, details of the project, and confirmation of salary payment from the foreign employer. Many multinational companies with branches in Romania offer secondment options for employees. This visa streamlines international collaboration and project implementation in Romania.
6. Start-Up Visa (D/RS Visa)
The Start-Up Visa, legally known as the D/RS Visa, is tailored for entrepreneurs and innovators seeking to launch a business in Romania. To qualify, applicants must present a comprehensive business plan that aligns with Romanian economic priorities, such as technology, manufacturing, or green energy. Approval from the Romanian Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship, and Tourism is mandatory. Applicants must also demonstrate financial resources to support the business and their personal expenses during the visa period.
The visa is initially valid for one year but can be renewed if the start-up meets specified milestones, like generating revenue or creating jobs. After several renewals, holders of this visa may apply for long-term residence. Additionally, the visa allows for family reunification, making it an attractive option for entrepreneurs with dependents. Romania’s Start-Up Visa fosters innovation and provides a platform for non-EU nationals to participate in the country’s growing economy.
7. Volunteer Visa
The Volunteer Visa is officially termed the D/VV Visa. The document is designed for non-EU nationals engaging in unpaid work. This covers charitable volunteer work with Romanian NGOs, charities, or humanitarian organizations. To apply, volunteers must secure an agreement with a recognized Romanian organization detailing the scope of their activities, duration, and support provided, such as accommodation or stipends.
Applicants must also show proof of sufficient financial means, valid health insurance, and a clean criminal record. The visa is valid for one year. The continuing volunteering project also prompts its renewal. Unlike other visas, the D/VV does not permit paid employment but allows volunteers to make meaningful contributions to community development. This visa is an excellent pathway for individuals looking to gain cultural exposure and professional experience while aiding social causes in Romania.
General Eligibility Requirements for a Work visa in Romania
Foreign employees must meet specific eligibility criteria to qualify for a Romania work visa application. The eligibility criteria for a work visa may vary slightly depending on the visa type, labor activities, or industry. Applicants must meet specific criteria for work permits, generally including:
Job Offer
Applicants must have a formal job offer from a Romanian employer who is authorized to hire non-EU workers. Employers must prove they couldn’t find suitable candidates within Romania or the EU.
Proof of Qualifications
Candidates must provide relevant educational and professional certificates to demonstrate their suitability for the position.
Security Clearance
Romania requires applicants to have a clean criminal record. A police clearance certificate from your home country is mandatory.
Documents Required for the Work Visa Application
Aside from meeting the general eligibility requirements, the following documents are required for a Romania work visa application:
- Completed visa application form
- Valid passport (minimum six months validity)
- Passport-sized photos
- Proof of job offer or work contract
- Work authorization from the Romanian General Inspectorate for Immigration
- Medical certificate
- Police clearance certificate
Romanian Work Visa Application Process
Romania's work visa application process involves several requirements and steps, from securing a job offer to submitting the necessary documentation. Here's a breakdown:
1. Obtain a Work Permit
Your Romanian employer must apply for a work permit with the General Inspectorate for Immigration, proving no EU citizen can fill the role.
2. Complete the Visa Application Form
Fill out the D/AM long-stay visa form, ensuring all details are accurate, and attach a passport-compliant photograph.
3. Assemble Required Documents
Gather your passport, work permit, employment contract, proof of accommodation, medical certificate, and police clearance certificate.
4. Schedule an Embassy Appointment
Book an appointment at the Romanian consulate in your country to submit your application and biometric data.
Romania Work Visa Fees and Processing Time
Visa applications typically take up to 30 days but may extend depending on document verification and case complexity. Also, endeavor to pay the €120 visa fee at the embassy or consulate, retaining your receipt as proof of payment for future reference.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
Applying for a work visa can be challenging, and common mistakes can lead to delays or denials. These are some of the common pitfalls that affect applicants:
- Incomplete Documentation: Each of the Romania work visa types requires specific documents, and missing even one can disrupt the process. Ensure you have all the necessary documents, from proof of funds to employer letters. It's also essential to verify that your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay.
- Ignoring Visa Interview Preparation: Many applicants underestimate the importance of the interview. Always explain why you're applying for the visa and provide details about your work plans in Romania. Also, ensure you can discuss your job and employer well enough.
- Procrastinating on Applications: Visa processing can take up to two months, especially for permit types with limited slots like EU Blue Card. Start early to account for delays, gather documents, and schedule your interview. Avoid last-minute applications to ensure everything is in order.
